A function whose inputs are software data and whose output is a single numerical value that can be interpreted as the degree to which software possesses a given attribute that affects its quality 2 an indicator is a metric or combination of metrics that. The goalquestionmetric gqm approach is a proven method for driving goaloriented measures throughout a software organization. Questionmetrics gqm approach 2, 11, because it shares the same fundamental idea to measure only what is relevant for the designated goals. Gqm defines metrics topdown perspective and analyses and interprets data from bottomup. Approaches addressing such concerns have previously been designed for, and applied with great success to the software engineering industry, guiding the creation of goaldriven metrics for various projects. Slide 30 software peace of mind in action gqm summary the gqm method of metrics development ensures that test metrics align with whats important to the organization by accounting for business goals when framing our metrics we make our group more valuable and better able to exact changes deemed useful to the organization as whole. We propose an approach for the definition of product metrics which is driven by the experimental goals of measurement, expressed via the gqm paradigm, and is based on the mathematical properties of the metrics. The methodology of the study is based upon the goalquestion metric gqm approach van solingen et al. Gqm, the initialism for goal, question, metric, is an approach to software metrics that has been promoted by victor basili of the university of maryland, college park and the software engineering laboratory at the nasa goddard space flight center after supervising a.
A particular measurement will be useful only if it helps to understand the process or one of its resultant products. Chapter 5 discusses many automated requirements tools and ends with evaluating. Using goalquestionmetric gqm approach to assess security. These measurements allow you to manage the development process by assessing its status and progress, and to know when your goals are reached. Development and evaluation of gqm method to improve. The result of the application of the goal question metric approach application is the. A goal question metric approach for evaluating security in a. Existing methods, such as goal, question and metrics gqm or factor metrics ieee std. Combining gqm and kaos in an open source project youtube. Other issues in developing a suite of software metrics while gqm provides an efficient means of selecting software metrics based on. The goal question metric gqm approach, which was developed by basili and weiss and expanded by rombach 12, is the most known goalfocused approach. Kaos goal modelling is a software engineering approach. A collection of sample metrics for an organization is presented, and problem solving tools such as fishbone diagrams, pareto charts, trend charts are discussed. Dacs is a department of defense information analysis center.
Out of them, basilis goal question metric gqm approach is the most recommended and popular one. Furthermore, we also examine in this paper the ageing measurements and classification developed using the goal question metrics gqm approach. In order to satisfy this goal, two questions are asked. The goalquestionmetric gqm approach arose from work done in software engineering. As the project manager, i would like to know the functional quality of the current version in the production. Victor bassili defines a topdown, goal oriented framework for software metrics. The principle behind gqm measurement should be goaloriented. Derive metrics from your measurement goals building. Gqm focuses on eliciting goals and questions as drivers for finding metrics necessary to collect. Gqm is a software metrics method that produces meaningful and appropriate measurement. Software metrics are important for many reasons, including measuring software performance, planning work items, measuring productivity, and many other uses. The most prominent amongst those approaches include the goalquestionmetric gqm approach basili and weiss, 1984.
Practical metrics for managing and improving software testing. Gqm offers us a solution for creating transparent kpi metrics. That acceptance criteria is defined in the form of questions in the gqm approach, and those questions are answered using measurements called metrics. This is a topdown approach, which is particularly useful in agile environments 15, 16. Chapter 3 introduces software process improvements.
It allows achieving authentic reliable data and knowledge regarding the organizations software practices. Pitfalls and countermeasures in software quality measurements. It also attempts to provide practical guidance and example of measurements using gqm. Software ageing measurement framework based on gqm structure. While software metrics typically help to assess the status of a project, process, product, and resource use, the suitability of metrics in agile software development asd process is frequently. Software ageing measurement and classification using goal question metric gqm approach. The methodology of the study is based upon the goalquestionmetric gqm approach van solingen et al. Learn with examples and graphs how to use test metrics and measurements in software testing process.
Citeseerx nsson, a goal question metric based approach. May 05, 2016 under a standardsdriven metrics approach, software managers should look for both industry and generic standards that are aligned with applicable business goals for an indication of metrics to be used 1 entire section. An application of the gqm paradigm towards the development of a security metric is presented. We will also identify further metrics to complete the model. Metrics a measurement just provides information example. In agile, there is a need to collect data to demonstrate progress and show improvement, but where does one even start. Important software test metrics and measurements explained. Goalsquestionsmetrics method and sap implementation. Choosing metrics goalquestionmetric gqm has been proposed by basili and weiss it is a technique to identify meaningful metrics for the measurement process you may want to use the gqm method to choose the appropriate metric. Advantage of using these process are also discussed. Gqm is the descriptor of goal, question and metric. Gqm is a software metrics method that produces meaningful and appropriate measurement metrics based on the specific goals of an organisation. Software testing metrics and measurements are very important indicators of the efficiency and effectiveness of software testing processes.
As an improvement of gqm, 22 proposes a goaloriented measurement model life cycle mmlc, that is a more structured approach that for each. In the rest of the paper, we discuss the research within the context of software quality and certification, as well as matters concerning software ageing. This chapter discusses common pitfalls and their countermeasures in software quality measurements and evaluations based on research and practical achievements at the global software engineering laboratory pi. Metrics help ceos and pms assess the influence of decisions taken during a development process, sort out priorities and objectives. Dec 01, 2017 ever feel like youre doing metrics wrong. Questionmetrics gqm approach and its application towards constructing measurement items for a security metric. Fundamentally, kpis measure progress toward goals as reflected in csfs. The utilisation, however, is not systematic and the use of methods is seldom supported by a set of tools that would ease the use of software measurements in organisations. Pdf software ageing measurement and classification using. Gqm does not enforce these checks, but in its simple and intuitive nature, it can actually lead to these problems, as fenton points out with respect to problems of measurement.
Gqm offers a solution for clarifying any statement, especially statements expressing or related to attaining a. This approach integrates several research contributions from the literature into a consistent, practical and rigorous approach. Several gqm models can also have questions and metrics in common. A context specific selection of metrics and guidelines on how to use and interpret them should be made, based on the appropriate models and goals of that environment. Goal question metric paradigm information technology essay. One wellknown way for defining measurements that tries to focus on the most important ones is the goal question metric gqm approach. Gqm can be used to lifecycle wares, process and resources. According to the gqm organisational goals are understood to shape. Background measurement is the process by which numbers or symbols are assigned to attributes of entities in the real world so as to describe such entities according to clearly defined rules fenton and pfleeger, 2004. Measurements such as the defect density in source code are used to control the software development process.
Existing methods, such as goal, question and metrics gqm or factormetrics ieee std. Question metrics gqm approach and its application towards constructing measurement items for a security metric. Software metrics and measurements semantic scholar. Join us and up your game by learning the gqm approach to agile metrics. The goal question metric gqm method arose from work done in software engineering. The goalquestionmetric gqm approach is a proven method for driving goaloriented measures throughout software organizations. With gqm, we start by defining the goals we are trying to achieve, then ask clarifying questions around those goals, and finally answer our. A method to define goals and their supporting metrics is the goal question metric gqm approach. This paper describes an approach to taking data and. May 24, 2017 this problem is often rooted in a lack of understanding about what business goals are driving decision making throughout the organization and what questions we should be answering with the metrics we collect. However, as will be described subsequently in more detail, the goals and questions are covered by a quality model, and operationalization is not taken into account here. Gqm is an approach to software metrics developped by basili and weiss 1984, then solingen and berghout 1999 that defines a measurement model on three levels. This technical research report attempts to define the usage of goalsquestions metrics gqm approach in the definition of a measurement system for erp implementation projects.
Gqm is easily coordinated with the organization surroundings and it can also serve as base framework for more measurement intitatives. In software development, measurements are conducted by using metrics. Humphrey, watts a discipline for software engineering, chapter 7, addison. At the conceptual level, goals are set prior to metrics collection. Metrics on a project are important indicators as to the health of the project, and they provide details to make better decisions. The improvement in the process or products can be performed only when the project has clearly defined goals for processes and products. Goalsquestionsmetrics method and sap implementation projects.
Four pitfalls and eight corresponding countermeasures in software quality measurements and evaluations are explained using actual case studies and adaptation results mostly taken at gse with industrial collaborations. Software metrics and problemsolving 10 abstract this chapter is concerned with metrics and problemsolving, and this includes a discussion of the balanced scorecard which assists in identifying appropriate metrics for the organization. Hironori washizaki of waseda university in collaboration with many software companies. Within the software development process, there are many metrics that are all related to each. A goalquestionmetrics model for con guration knowledge bases. The goalquestion metric gqm approach is a proven method for driving goaloriented measures throughout a software organization. We decided to use the goal question metric gqm methodapproach to help the customer define its goals and metrics. A software measurement case study using gqm 3 abstract software measurement is about measuring attributes of the process, product, and resources in software projects, and the overall objective for it is to get information about the work to be able to improve and make it predictable. Understanding and using the goal question metric gqm based measurement model for it projects the great it professional. The goal, question, metrics gqm approach may be employed to define metrics that are related to the organization goals.
These pitfalls and countermeasure could be utilized for efficient and effective software quality measurements and evaluations. A goal question metric based approach for efficient. Soa, maturity models, security, metrics, assessment frameworks, goal question metric approach. Gqm, the initialism for goal, question, metric, is an approach to software metrics that has been promoted by victor basili of the university of maryland, college park and the software engineering laboratory at the nasa goddard space flight center after supervising a ph. Gqm is a logical approach to define metrics that otherwise are sometimes based on some vague criteria. Gqm 6 approach to align measures to business goals. A goal question metric approach for evaluating security in. This means that there is always a purpose with the defined measurements.
Top down approach to define goals improvement characterization understanding questions to answer about the goal. The metrics or measurements that are collected are then used to answer the questions in a quantifiable. This means that first it is needed to set a goal, and then use one of. Yang and yajun zhu, a hybrid ebusiness software metrics framework for decision making in. Kpis are then quantifiable measurements, or metrics. A gqm model is a hierarchical structure, starting with a goal i. The gqm paradigm, in concert with the process maturity, has been used as the basis for several tools that assist managers in designing measurement programs. In above example, the goal is to know the quality of the software. With gqm, we start by defining the goals we are trying to achieve, then clarifying the questions we are trying to answer with the data we collect. Humphrey, watts a discipline for software engineering, chapter 7, addison wesley, 1995 5. Goal question metric will be described in more detail in the next section. Using the gqm approach results in a set of metrics whose utility is clearly justified. A gqm based approach towards the development of metrics.
We will extend the current research by using the goalquestion metrics gqm approach of the software engineering discipline to nd gaps for the characterization of knowledge bases. Define metrics to answer questions measurement system. Sep 16, 2017 a software metric is a measure of software characteristics which are quantifiable or countable. It approaches software measurement using a three level model. Common agile metrics approaches do well at measuring team velocity and throughput, but can sometimes overlook the req. Oriented software environments, ieee transactions on software engineering, vol. This technical research report attempts to define the usage of goalsquestionsmetrics gqm approach in the definition of a measurement system for erp implementation projects. In chapter 4 software metrics are introduced and di.
With gqm, we start by defining the goals we are trying to achieve, then ask clarifying questions around those goals, and finally answer our questions through objective metrics. Understanding and using the goal question metric gqm based. Calculate and analyze all measurements collected by software metrics otherwise, there is no sense to state that your team is using metrics. Contextualising and aligning security metrics and business. Goal question metric gqm and software quality author. Its important to have some form of acceptance criteria corresponding to those goals. Gqm helps to understand the need for measuring the attribute, and process maturity suggests whether we are capable of measuring it in a meaningful way. Under a standardsdriven metrics approach, software managers should look for both industry and generic standards that are aligned with applicable business goals for an indication of metrics to be used 1 entire section.
68 1498 850 714 1025 444 442 1524 1219 747 383 836 1508 188 942 1064 502 230 867 1073 82 12 1062 1107 1128 547 187 1030 272 495 912 1368 748