Equivalence partitioning also called equivalence class partitioning or ecp is a software testing technique that divides the input data of a software unit into partitions of equivalent data from which test cases can be derived. In equivalence partitioning, inputs to the software or system are. The idea behind ep is to split all of the possible inputs into something known as equivalence classes. Istqb exam questions on equivalence partitioning and boundary. Equivalence class partitioning is a specification based blackbox testing techniques.
It can be applied at any level of testing and is often a good technique to use first. Equivalent class partitioning allows you to divide set of test condition into a partition which should be considered the same. Equivalence class partitioning is a blackbox testing technique or specification based testing technique in which we group the input data into logical groups or equivalence classes. Both the testing techniques are black box testing techniques and without knowing the code structure we can use these testing techniques. The equivalence partitions are frequently derived from the requirements specification for input data that influence the processing of the test object. Equivalence partitioning and boundary value analysis are two specificationbased techniques that are useful in black box testing. The word equivalence means the condition of being equal or equivalent in value, worth, function, etc. Boundary value analysis and equivalence partitioning qualitance. Most of us who dont know this still use it informally without even realizing it. The idea behind the technique is to divide a set of test conditions into groups or sets that can be considered as same.
Equivalence partitioning and boundary value analysis techniques are widely used in manual testing these days. Theyre equivalent because any member of that partition can perfectly represent the other member of that partition, and theoretically you need only one test using one of the partitions members in order to make testing. A black box testing technique than can only be used during system testing c. Equivalence portioning technique in black box testing. Equivalence partitioning test case design technique. The values at the extremes startend values or lowerupperend values of such class are known as boundary values. Equivalence partitioning ep is a specification based or black box testing method. Boundary value analysis and equivalence class partitioning with. Equivalence partitioning significantly reduces the number of test cases required to test a system reasonably. This is achieved by identifying the classes or groups of inputs in such a way that each input value under this class will give the same result. This article defines each of these techniques and describes, with examples, how you can use them together to create better test cases. The divided sets are called equivalence partitions or equivalence classes. It divides the input data of software into different equivalence data classes.
How to design test cases for testing equivalence partitioning. Apr 29, 2020 the divided sets are called equivalence partitions or equivalence classes. Likewise, if one condition in a partition fails, all other conditions in that partition will. Equivalence partitioning a black box testing technique toolsqa. You can save time and reduce the number of test cases required to effectively test inputs, outputs, and values. What is equivalence partitioning in software testing. The hypothesis behind this technique is that if one conditionvalue in a partition passes all others will also pass. A black box testing technique used only by developers b. Equivalence partitioning test case design technique software. The idea of equivalence class partitioning is to divide the all possible inputs to the system into equivalence classes, i. Equivalence class testing is a black box software testing technique that divides function variable ranges into classessubsets that are disjoint. Equivalence class technique divides possible test data for, lets say application module, into partitions of equivalent data. Software testing techniques with test case design examples. The set of input values that gives one single output is called partition or class.
Jan 08, 2020 boundary value analysis is a blackbox testing technique, closely associated with equivalence class partitioning. As you all know that exhaustive testing of the software is not feasible task for complex softwares so by using equivalence partitioning technique we need to test only one condition from each partition because it is assumed that all the conditions in one partition will be treated in the same way by the software. Boundary value analysis is a blackbox testing technique, closely associated with equivalence class partitioning. Equivalence partitioning also called equivalence class partitioning is a software testing technique that divides the input data of a software unit into partitions of equivalent data from. Hence selecting one input from each group to design the test cases. Using equivalence partitioning and boundary value analysis in. Apr 16, 2020 boundary value analysis testing technique is used to identify errors at boundaries rather than finding those that exist in the center of the input domain. The above are not handled by bva technique as we can see massive redundancy in the tables of test cases.
It is quite a flexible type of testing and can be applicable at any level of testing. In boundary testing, equivalence class partitioning plays a good. What is boundary value analysis and equivalence partitioning. Equivalence class testing a quick glance of equivalence. Boundary value analysis is a refinement of the equivalence class partitioning method which again is one of the most generally applicable methods for blackbox test design. Jun 19, 2015 equivalence partitioning ep is a specification based or black box testing method. Boundary value analysis technique is the process of picking the boundary values from each partition including first or last value from outside the boundary range too. The synonyms for the word are equal, same, identical etc. Equivalence partitioning is a technique used in software testing which aims to reduce the number of test cases and choose the right test cases. Equivalence partitioning ep is a specificationbased or blackbox technique. Dividing the data makes it easy to test and also reduces the number of test cases.
Equivalence partitioning how does equivalence partitioning. Equivalence class testing, which is also known as equivalence class partitioning ecp and equivalence partitioning, is an important software testing technique used by the team of testers for grouping and partitioning of the test input data, which is then used for the purpose of testing the software product into a number of different classes. Equivalence partitioning in software testing test design. Equivalence class partitioning ecp it is also called as equivalence partitioning.
It is a software testing technique that divides the input test data of the application under test into each partition at least once of equivalent data from which test cases can be derived. Istqb equivalence partitioning with examples get software. Equivalence class testing introduction with solved example. Equivalence partitioning is a way in which data is partitioned and divided for efficient testing. To generate equivalence class test casesfor the next date function next date is a function consisting of three variables like.
One of the problems with equivalence class partitioning and boundary value analysis is that they are typically explained with simple examples like the one above, while in the real world these methods need to be applied in relation to every equivalence class of the reachable system states of the application that we are testing. Therefore you group the test item into class where all items in each class are suppose to behave exactly the same. Equivalence class partitioning simplified software testing. Equivalence partitioning or equivalence class partitioning ecp is a software testing technique that divides the input data of a software unit into partitions of. Equivalence partitioning is a black box test design technique in which test cases are designed to execute representatives from equivalence partitions. Lets see what has to say about boundary value analysis and equivalence partitioning first. In this article we will discuss some basic test design techniques used to create better test cases, particularly boundary value analysis and equivalence partitioning and how. Equivalence partitioning is a black box technique to identify test cases systematically and is often the first technique to be applied when designing test cases.
The input domain can be anything which may influence the outcome of the test e. A class is a set of input conditions that are is likely to be handled the same way by the system. From each partition of data, one test case is needed. Equivalence class testing ec testing is when you have a number of test items e. Jul 30, 2018 equivalence partitioning is also known as equivalence class partitioning. Equivalence class partitioning archives software testing class. Check the below link for detailed post on equivalence partitioning test case design technique. Sep 22, 2016 equivalence class partitioning ep is a very widely used method to decrease the number of possible test cases that are required to test a system. A use of this method reduces the time necessary for testing software using less and effective test cases. It is important to use equivalence partitioning with boundary value analysis because it provides more coverage to the testing.
You could find other testing techniques such as boundary value analysis, decision table and state transition techniques by clicking on appropriate links. Dividing the test input data into a range of values and selecting one input value from each range is called equivalence partitioning. Blackbox technique that focuses on the boundaries of the input domain rather than its center whenever the engineers need to develop test cases for a range kind of input then they will go for boundary value analysis. The different test cases must test the classes of the software continuously.
Equivalence class testingblack box software testing techniques the use of equivalence classes as the basis for functional testing and is appropriate in situations like. Equivalence partitioning or equivalence class partitioning ecp is a software testing technique that divides the input data of a software unit into partitions of equivalent data from which test cases can be derived. Nov 01, 2019 equivalence class partitioning ecp it is also called as equivalence partitioning. It is a software testing technique that divides the input test data of. Do we need both equivalence partitioning and boundary value.
Equivalence partitioning is also known as equivalence class partitioning. Feb 15, 2020 equivalence class partitioning is a specification based blackbox testing techniques. What is difference between equivalence class testing and. In this technique, the data fed into the software to be tested is divided into partitions of equal sizes. Boundary value analysis testing technique is used to identify errors at boundaries rather than finding those that exist in the center of the input domain. For example, for binary search the following partitions exist. Jan 08, 2020 equivalence class partitioning is a blackbox testing technique or specification based testing technique in which we group the input data into logical groups or equivalence classes. Equivalence partitioning testing technique divides input values in different partitions in such a manner that all the values in 1 partition can be treated similar or equivalent. Each class is called as equivalence partition because all the elements in an equivalence class test the. Equivalent class partitioning is a black box technique code is not visible to tester which can be applied to all levels of testing like unit, integration, system, etc. Here we discuss the introduction, types, why do we need equivalence class testing.
Boundary value analysis is the next part of equivalence partitioning for designing test cases where test cases are selected at the edges of the equivalence classes. Equivalence class testing black box software testing techniques the use of equivalence classes as the basis for functional testing and is appropriate in situations like. Do we need both equivalence partitioning and boundary. Equivalence partitioning multiple choice questions. It can be useful in any testing phase, like it is useful in unit, integration, system etc.
In this technique, we analyze the behavior of the application with test data residing at the boundary values of the equivalence classes. An advantage of this approach is it reduces the time. Boundary value analysis is a technique to test boundary value between valid and invalid partitions in test case design. Equivalence partitioning a black box testing technique. Equivalence class testing this week we turn to equivalence class testing. Equivalence partitioning is a technique of software testing in which input data is divided into partitions of valid and invalid values, and it is mandatory that all partitions must exhibit the same behavior. Boundary value analysis and equivalence class partitioning. Tutorial7 to generate equivalence class test casesfor the. The divided sets are known as partitions or classes. This is a black box test design technique used to calculate the effectiveness of test cases and which can be applied to all levels of testing from unit, integration, system testing and so forth. Dec 01, 2017 equivalence class testing introduction with solved example software engineering classes hindi and english. Equivalence partitioning also called as equivalence class partitioning.
Using the equivalence partitioning method above test cases can be divided into three sets of input data. Equivalence partitioning equivalence class partitioning. It is also one type of blackbox testing techniques. It can be applied to any level of the software testing, designed to divide a sets of test conditions into the groups or sets that can be considered the same i. A white box testing technique appropriate for component testing. In equivalence partitioning, the input data which is given to the application is divided into equivalence classes.
One test value is picked from each class while testing. Equivalence partitioning is a method for deriving test cases. It divides the input domain of a program into classes. Equivalence class partitioning software testing class.
In equivalence partitioning, inputs to the software or system are divided into groups that are expected to exhibit similar behavior, so they are likely to be proposed in the same way. Equivalence class testing introduction with solved example software engineering classes hindi and english. Istqb exam questions on equivalence partitioning and. In equivalence class partitioning, set of input data that defines different test conditions are partitioned into logically similar groups such that using even a.
Equivalence partitioning is a blackbox testing technique that applies to all levels of testing. A black box testing technique appropriate to all levels of testing d. In principle, test cases are designed to cover each partition at least once. Equivalence class partitioning and boundary value analysis as. It is important to use equivalence partitioning with boundary value analysis because it. Partitioning usually happens for test objects, which includes inputs, outputs, internal values, timerelated values, and for interface parameters. Test cases are designed for equivalence data class. All the data items lying in an equivalence class are assumed to be processed in the same way by the application when passed as input.
Equivalence partitioning ep is a method for testing software programs. This software testing method divides the input domain of a program into classes of data from which test cases should be designed. Equivalence partitioning is a test case design technique to divide the input data of software into different equivalence data classes. If the system were to handle one case in the class erroneously, it would handle all cases erroneously. Below is an example depicting a clear understanding. Then we pick only one value from each partition for testing. Tutorial7 to generate equivalence class test casesfor. The concept behind ep is to divide the input data in different equivalent data classes and each class can be considered same by the system. Equivalence class testingblack box software testing. Equivalence partitioning test case design technique is one of the testing techniques. In this technique, we divide the system under test into number of equivalence classes and just test few values from each of class. In this technique, you divide the set of test condition into a partition that can be considered the same. Equivalence partitioning and boundary value analysis are linked to each other and can be used together at all levels of testing. Equivalence class partitioning article about equivalence.
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